Combination lock



'1. SLEI'VIS.

COMBINATION LOCK.v

APPLICATluM mio 1uLY6. 19`2l.

Patented June 6, 1922. Y l 2 SHEETS-SHEET ly aai l 'f I. SLIIVIS.vCOMBINATION LOCK.

APPLICATION FILED JULYG. 192|.

Patetd June 6, 1922,

l 1 by QM, @www1 am'iqg JOSEPH SLEJVIS, 0F CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS.

COMBINATION LOCK.

Laisser.

Application filed July 6, 1921.

Locks most commonly employed` on the doors oit dwelling` honses, stores,iictories.r etc., are ot that type necessitating the use ot a key forretrarting the locking bolt. The many advantages incident to the use ofoombination locks7 that is to say, locks of that type in which theretraction ot the bolt is controlled. by the manipulation of knobs ordials :forming a permanent part ot the lock mechanism, are obvious. butto he acceptable ttor use on an ordinary door,r such for eX- ample asthe street door oit a house. such a combination lock must necessarily beot compact Yform and preferably of such dimenn sions from iront to rearas to permit ot the concealing oi a substantial portion ot the mechanismwithin the thickness ot the door. lt should also beso constructed as toprevent its bodily removal or the dismantlinnn oit the same from a pointoutside the door. while at the same time it should be so dcsigned as notappreciahly to detract trom the appearance oil the door. f

A combination lock intended for use upon an ori'linary door should alsobe so constructed as to permit oit the ready opening ot the door 'fromthe inside ot the same without reterencc to the position ot the lockingbolt or the setting` ot the combination and should also preferablycomprise a spring` latch ot the usual type retractable by means ot aknob at either side oi" the door.

For ease and rapidity ot operation the locking bolt should be ot thespring actuated type and should be turnishcd; with a manually releasablecatch tor retaining it in retracted position. As attempts are sometimesinade to force locks by the application of a wrench or other tool to theknob whereby the bolt is retracted` it is desirable to so arrange theparts as to prevent any possible damage thereto by the applicationSpecification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 6,1922..

Serial No. 482,673.

of undue force to the actuating knob when the mechanism is in lockingposition. Furt-hermore,l a combination llock intended 'for ordinary useshould be ot simple constructionwhile at the same time affording thedesired protection against surreptitious opening of the door securedthereby and in some cases it may be desirable, in addition to theordinary tumblers. to provide a separately actuable latch or latcheswhich must lirst be manipulated to permit vopening of the door, eventhough the combination be properly set therefor.

In most locks of the class to which this invention relates.r theresetting of the combination requires a considerable degreeo'f skill aswell as loss oi time. Occasions arise. however, 'for resetting thecombination quickly and without resorting to the help of a skilledlocksmitli for such purpose, and it thus becomes desirable to so designa combination locky as to permit it quickly to be reset by thc user andthat such resetting may be accomplished merely by turning the dials orindexed knobs to the desired com bination at any time when the door isunlocked.

The object ot the present invention is to provide a lock mechanismhaving the various desirable characteristics above enumer ated. Asexemplify/ing the several ways in which such object may be accomplished,one embodiment ot means well adapted therefor7 is illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which 4 Fig. 'l is an elevation of the lockmechanism as applied to a door and showing the outer side ot the same;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical cross section through the lockmechanism as viewed trom the inner side of the door;

Fig. 3 is vertical transverse cross section through the lock mechanismon a line such as o o oit Fig. 2;

Fig. 1i is a transverse vertical cross section on the line c-(Z of Fig.2;

Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical cross section Y on the line e-f of Fig.2;

Fig. G is atragmentary longitudinal cross section on the line g-z, oiFig. 2;

Fig. -7 is a transverse cross section of one of thc/tumbler devicesemployed 0n a line such as m-n of Fig. 9;

' Fig. S is an elevation of the inner end of the actuating knob for oneof the tumblers;

Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the knob of fig. 8; and

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary elevation of the rightshand end of the boltactuating member.

y Referring to the drawings the numeral 1 indicates a door which may beof wood or other suitable material and of a thickness such as iscommonly employed for street doors of houses, factories and the like.This door may be Vprovided with a recess in its outside surface for thereception of the lock mechanism. This mechanism is enclosed in a casingcomprising a plate 2, having the outstanding flange 3 which overlaps theedge of the door. This member 3 may be provided with openings if desiredthrough which may pass wood screws for attaching the same to the door.,The plate 2, upon its inner surface, is provided with a plurality ofoutstanding bosses a, 5, which are inter nally screw threaded for thereception of the ends of attachingbolts or screws et, 5a.

The operative mechanism of the lock is mounted upon the plate 2, and forenclosing such mechanism, a cover plate G is provided, such plate havinga rim 7, the edge of which rests against the inner surface of the plateThis cover member 6 is furnished with openings for the passage ofattaching bolts or screws as 6 which engage threaded openings in theplate 2 or in parts fixed thereto. The inner surface of the door may beprovided with suitable re-enforcing plates for engagement; with theheads of the attaching bolts 'll. 5, such bolts passing through thethickness of the door and into the aforesaid bosses l. 5. As thussecnredin position, it is evident that the locking mechanism cannot beremoved A.from the outside of the door without substantially destroyingthe door itself.

The flange 3 is provided with openings for the passage of the lockingbolt 8 and the latch 9, such bolt and latch being guided forreciprocation upon the inner surface of the plate 2. The latch 9 isprovided with a beveled face in the usual manner and comprises a tailportion 10 slidable within an opening 11 in a block 12 upstanding fromthe inner surface of the plate 2. Such block 12 may be integral with theplate if desired and may be continuous throughout a considerable portionof the marginal surface of said plate.` lVithin the bore 11 is seated acoil spring 12'l which bears against the rear end of the tail 10 andthus normally tends to project the latch 9. For limiting such movement atransverse pin 13 is secured in the latch, such pin engaging the innerface of the member 3 and thus determining the extent of outwardprojection of the latch. The latch member is provided with a series ofrack teeth 1a along one edge and with such teeth engages a pinion 15.The pinion 15 is secured to a shaft 1G which extends through the plates2 and 6 and is provided upon its outer or front end with a knob 17.rl`he shaft 16 also extends through the` thickness of the door andthrough a suitable cutcheon plate 18 secured to the inner surface of thedoor. This plate may also, if desired, have openings for the passage oftwo or more of the bolts l1-, A knob 19 may be secured to said shaftupon the interior of the door. By turning of either of the knobs 17 or19, it is evident that the latch 9 may be retracted in opposition to thespring 12. An additional guiding block 2O may also be provided ifdesired.

The bolt 8 is, in general, of the same con* struction as the latch 9,such bolt compris ing a tail 21 guided within the bore 22 in the block12 and bearing against a spring 23 seated within said bore, such springtending normally to project the locking bolt 8. The bolt S may, ifdesired, also be guided by engagement with the block 3() projectingoutwardly from the `plate 2. The bolt is provided with rack teeth atwhich engage a lpinion 25, carried upon a shaft 2G. The shaft 2G hasbearings at 27, 2S. in the cover member 6 and the plate 2 respectively,and upon the inner end of said shaft is mounted a knob 29. By means ofthe knob 29 the bolt 8 may be retracted against action of the spring 23from the Vinside of the door, thus permitting the opening of the doorfrom the inside.

Extending outwardly from the bolt 8 is a pin 31, such pin lying to therear of an arm 32 which projects laterally from the actuator member orbar This actuator member rests against the. inner surface of' the plate2 and is guided at its outer end by engagement with a block 34.. .At itsopposite end the actuator bar provided with a. transversely extendingenlargement or head 35, from which extend three parallel rods 36, 37,38. These rods pass through guide openings in a suitable block 39 whichis secured to the inner surface of the plate 2, the actuator bar thusbeing` guided for recipio cation in a path parallel to that of the bolt8. The member 33 is furnished with rack teeth t() on one edge whichengages a pinion 41 carried by a shaft 12. The shaft 412 has bearings ata3, 44 respectively` in the plate 2 and in the cover member (3 andextends forwardly beyond the plate 2. lipon the forward end of thisshaft is secured an actuating knob By manipulation of the knob 45 thepinion 41 may be rotated and thus reciprocating .motion may be impartedto the actuator bar 32 As this bar is moved to the left as viewed inFig. 2, the element 32 thereof contacts with the pin 31 of the bolt 8and thus serves to retract the latter, it being evident however, thatsuch bolt. is free to be retracted by manipulation of the ltlti llt) CIK

All.

be applied to the knobs when the looking` mechanism is in this position,they niay be turned relatively to the tumblers, the triction elutehdevice comprising the pin 66 permitting such turning7 and the pins 66slipping trom one sorket (52- to another. Upon proj eotion ot the boltjthe pins 36, ete., are removed 'from the recesses 5l. in the tui'nblersand there-alter any turningl ot the knobs results in a correspondingmovement ot the tumblers, by reason oit the engagen Ament ot the pins(3G with the openings 62. lt thus impossible to change the combination'while the lock bolt is projeeted and the tumblers may be turned toproper position. 'tor oi'ening the look by setting the several knobs to`form the selected combination. Aily this arrangement it is evident thatrese vting` ot the ronibinaton may be aeeonr plished at any time whenthe look bolt is retrartod merely by turning the indexed knobs andobserving the new combination thus Yharmed.

For retaining the spring aotuated look bolt in retracted position.` theactuator is provided with a iiilurality of openings suoli as (it). T0.G) and the plate 2 has seA Cured upon its loiavard tace an outstandingblock or boss Tl. This boss is provided with a sho'ubflered bore whichis continued through the plate 2 and in such bore is seated a eoilspring T2. The inner end of such springl rests agaii'ist the head ot aplungerl 73 whieh is engageable with either ot the openings 69 or T0.suoli plunger having a stem T5 passingy outwardly through the bore 7land having a. knurled head rlseeured upon its Forward extremity. lnretraeting the lock bolt alter settingl the proper'Combination theoperator pulls torvvard on the head 74 thus removing the plunger 73Vlrom the opening G9 and as the bolt is retracted such pin snaps intothe opening TO and retains the aetiiator 32:3 against 'forwardprojection through the aetion of the bolt operating spring Q3. The boltmay thus be secured in its retracted position and cannot be projecteduntil the plunger 73 has been Withdrawn from the opening 70. Asadditional means for preventing the projection of the bolt, therighthand end oi the actuator as viewed in, Fig. 2 and as indieated indetail in Fig'. l() ma),v be bilureated to 'iorm spaced arms `T6, 777respectively, forming a substantially reetangular spar-e therebetween'for the reception ot a block 78 (Figs. 2 and 5), This block is providedwith openings through Whieh pass a pair of guide pins T9, S0. secured ina plate Sl covering an aperture in the member 6. he block 78 is slidablenpon the pins 79. 8O and has socket openings in its rear side with whichengage coil springs 82, 83, which normally tend to project said blocktoward the plate 2 and into the space between the arms it, i( ot theaetuator. rthe bioek 7S is l'novided lwith a rod trilt Twhich passes outthrough an opening in the plato 2 and which may be surrounded iiEdesired, by aboss 85 outstamling Vtrom the 'Forward suriliar'fe o l"Said plate. The end ot rod till serves as a button Ytor the manualnuinipulation of the bloik 'To whereby to re- ,move it 'from between thearms To, 7T against the action ol.r the springs 82, 5523. Thus when itis desired to project the locking bolt it is necessary 'tor the operatorto pull outwai-diy on the member 'To and also to press .inwardly on theend ot tlierod F5-fl; which projects througl'i the 'iront surlaee or"the plate 2.

ln orderto prevent l'aealing ol the loek parts by theJ applieation o'lIa wrench or other tool to the handle Ll5 or tlielnindle l?, sueh handlesare secured to their sha'lts in the 'loll \ving nnmner. ilf'ljaeent theend of eaeh shaftg as tor example. the shaft ft2, thereis provided acirouinterential alot 35 with which engages the end ot a pin SG retainedwithin a radial opening within the knob by means oll a setsereiv 8T.Adjacent the slot S5 the shalt is provided with one or more radialsoelets or depressions in its i.)el'ipheral surl'aee with which mayengage a ball 548 seated within a radial opening in the knob andresiliently be forced toward such depretsion by means oli a spring S9;For holding the siiiring in place a set srrevv 90 may beeirualoyeifl.Vliith this arrai'igement, l'novided there is no substantial oppositionto the artuation ol the look mechanism, the ball S8 engaging one ol" thedepressions or sockets in the shatt serves to hold the actuating knoband elia/Ft together to a sul'lieient extent to permit o'l the'turningot the shait and the movenlent ol'v the lock parts. ll lu'nvever. thelooking met-,hanism not adjusted l'or movement, loree, applied to theactuating knob when in sutilrient amount. serves merely to turn the knobrelatively7 to the shalt. the ball 88 springing inwardly out ot theflepression in the shalt and permitting the knob to rotate thereon. Thepin 86. however. serves to prevent relative axial movement ot the knoband shaft.

lt 'tor any reason the setting olj the oombination in the manner aboveindicated found undesirable. the syn-ing pressed pin 66 may be replataalby a pin olt a length just suiiicient to lill the opening (lo and toengage the socket G2 in the knob. W'ith sueh an arrangement7V uponseeuring of the knob in position by means ot the pin (lll and set screwtill, the knob and tumbler are looked together so that no change oitcombination is possible, but by removing the knob it may readily beturned to another position causing the pin 66 to engage another of theopenings 62 whereupon a new combination will be formed. It iscontemplated that this mode ot setting the combination may be foundadvantageous under certain circumstances.

Having thus described the invention in a preferred embodiment or' thesame, together with the mode ot use thereof, what l claim and vdesire tosecure by Letters PatYH ent oli the United States is:

l. A combination lock comprising'a slidable bolt provided with integralrack teeth, a pinion engaging said rack teeth, a knob for rotating saidpinion, a pin projecting from said bolt, a reciprocable actuating barengageable with said pin, a `rod tixedly secured to said bar, a tumblerfor engaging said rod whereby to control the movement of said bar, rackteeth carried by said bar, a pinion engaging said rack teeth, and a knobfor rotating said pinion.

2. A combination lock comprising a bolt, and an actuator therefor, aplurality ot rotatable tumblers for determining movement of saidactuator in a direction to retract said bolt, said actuator having aplurality of openings therein, and a manually retractable` springpressed pin engageable with a selected one of said openings.

3. A lock of the class described comprising a locking bolt, spring meansnormally tending to project the same, tumbler-controlled means fordetermining retraction of the bolt, a resiliently actuated part normallytending to prevent projection or said bolt when the latter is retractedand a manually movable member connected to said part whereby to permitof the movement of the latter to release the bolt.

4. A lock mechanism comprising a reciprocable bolt, spring meansnormally tending to project the saine, anactuator 'for said boltcomprising a slidable part having a portion engageable with an elementolf said bolt, a block movable in the path of said actuator, springmeans tending so to movesaid block,

and a finger actuable button having connee tions with said block wherebyto move the same out of the path of said actuator.

5. A lock mechanism comprising a lock ing bolt, a rotatable knob itorretracting said bolt, and connections between said knob and boltpermitting` relative movement ol said knob and bolt upon the applicationof sufiicient force to said knob.

6. A locking mechanism comprising a reciprocable bolt, means tor movingsaid bolt comprising a rack and pinion, a rotatable shaft upon whichsaid pinion is mounted, a manually operable knob upon said shaft, andfriction clutch means interposed between said knob and shaft servingnormally to connect the same, but permitting relative movement thereofupon the application of suliicient force to the knob.

71' lock mechanism comprising recipe simul l tably actuating the same,said shaft yhaving l a peripheral groove adjacent one extremity, and aplurality of circumferentially disposed depressions adjacent saidgroove, a knob member mounted upon said shaft and having a pinprojecting into said groove whereby to prevent relative axial movementot the knob and shaft, a ball seated in a radial bore of said knob, aspring seated in said bore and normally pressing said ball inwardly, andan abutment member for retaining said spring within the bore, said ballby engagement with one of said depressions serving normally to securesaidknob and shaft together for simultaneous rotation.

9. A lock mechanism comprising a casing constructed and arranged to beseated within the thickness of an ordinary door, a retract able lockingbolt within said casing, a slidable actuator for said locking bolt, saidactuator being independent of the bolt and having a plurality ont rackteeth thereon, a pinion engaging said rack teeth, a knob for turningsaid pinion, a plurality of substan tially parallel rods extending fromone end of said actuator, and a plurality of rotatable tumblersengageable with the respective rods and serving to determine theretraction of said actuator.

l0. A lock comprising a bolt, a tumbler, means controlled thereby fordetermining retraction of the bolt, a knob for actuating said tumbler,means preventing relatively axial movement of the tumbler and knob, andmeanspermitting the movement ot said knob independently of the tumbler.

l1. A lock mechanism comprising a bolt, a tumbler', means controlledthereby for determining retraction of the bolt, a manually operablevknob for actuating said tumbler, means preventing relative axialmovement of the tumbler and knob, and slip connections between saidtumbler yand its actuating means permitting relative movement of saidparts when the bolt is in retractedposition.

l2. A lock mechanism comprising a reciprocable bolt, a rotary tumblerfor determin ing retraction oit the bolt, said tumbler being providedwith a circumferential groove, a knob for rotating said tumbler, a pincarried by the knob and projecting into said groove, and clutch meansinterposed between said knob and tumbler. i

13. A' leek :mechanism comprising a bolt,

a rotary tumbler for determiningretraction of the bolt, a knob forturning said tumbler, means securing said tumbler and knob againstrelative axial movement, and a spring pressed pin normally operative toConnect said knob and tumbler for simultaneous operation.

14. A lock comprising a rotatable tumbler of cylindrical form, acylindrical knob arranged coaXially Wit-h said tumbler and rotatableindependently of the same, said knob having a hardened Wear platesecured to that end thereof adjacent the tumbler, said plate having aplurality of spaced depressions therein, and a spring projected pinseated in a bore in the tumbler and having a rounded extremityengageable With either of said depressions.

l5. A lock mechanism Comprising a bolt, tuinblers for controlling theretraction there of, knobs for actuating` the respective tum.-

blers, said bolt having a transverse opening therein, and a springpressed pin normally engaging said opening' whereby to preventretraction of the bolt regardless of the position of the tnmblers, andmeans arranged adjacent to said tumblers whereby manually to retractsaid pin lor releasing the bolt.

16. A lock haring a tumbler comprisinga cylindrical body portion havinga radial opening therein, a stem member extending axially from one endof said body portion and having a circumferential groove adjacent itsextremity, a knob having an axial bore for the reception of said. stem,and a pin mounted in said knob and projecting' into said ,groove wherebyto prevent axial separation of the knob and tumbler While permittingrelative rotation thereof.

Signed by me at Boston, Massachusetts, this 14th day oit June, 1921.

JOSEPH SLEIVIS.

